The respiratory region around the inferior turbinate is the major site for systemic entry of nasal drugs due to its greatest surface area in the nasal cavity ( via diffusion ( 4.2 Nose-to-brain transport after nasal administration Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is constructed through the networking of brain capillary endothelial cells that are held together by tight junctions, which segregates the blood perfusion into the CNS (Ross et al., 2018), although it perturbs the delivery of neurotherapeutics (Pardridge, 2003)
Because these reports are voluntary, it is not possible to estimate the frequency of these effects
But age, gastrointestinal issues, or other factors might prevent you from getting enough B12 from your daily diet
Xu G, Yuan Z, Hou J, Zhao J, Liu H, Lu W, et al